Research interests

Research interests have included the immunogenetics of African trypanosomes and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens; also the genetic manipulation of non-pathogenic bacteria to deliver antigens and cytokines to the mucosal immune system. Co-Author: Essentials of Pathology (1996).

Teaching interests

Microbiology and General Pathology

Other interests

Classical and contemporary novels; political and cultural developments in Thailand and Nepal; aspects of Thai language and literature.